A Closer Look at the Types of Oral Cavity Cancer
Oral cavity cancer can develop in various parts of the mouth, each with its own characteristics and challenges. Understanding the different types of oral cavity cancer – such as those affecting the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, floor of the mouth, and hard palate – is essential for early detection and effective treatment. Each type may present differently and require a tailored approach to diagnosis and care.
What are the Different Types of Oral Cavity Cancer?
The oral cavity has different types of cells. Each cell type can have a different type of cancer. These different types of cancer determine their treatment.
Squamous cells are thin, flat cells that form the inner lining of the oral cavity and oropharynx.
The majority of oral cavity cancers are squamous cell cancers.
In earlier stages of this type of cancer, cancerous cells are found in the epithelial layer (The epithelial layer is the innermost layer of the cells). It further grows into a deeper layer of the cells.
Apart from that, there is another type of squamous cell cancer, which is called HPV-related cancer. HPV stands for human papillomavirus. It rarely occurs in the oral cavity. And it occurs in young people with no history of tobacco or smoking.
This type of cancer starts in salivary glands in the inner lining of the mouth and oropharynx.
There are immune system tissues at the base of the tongue and tonsils. In those tissues, lymphoma cancer starts.
Within a matter of weeks or months, high-grade sarcomas have a higher tendency to rapidly progress.
They can become life-threatening in as little as 6 weeks. If not treated it can further spread to other parts of the body. Melanomas can occur on skin that is not normally exposed to the sun. In contrast to regular melanoma, nodular melanoma is highly dangerous.
It is a kind of precancerous condition where certain types of tissue changes take place in the mouth and throat.
- Leukoplakia is a white or grey area in the mouth that doesn’t get removed upon scratching.
- Erythroplakia is a white and red patch that often bleeds upon scratching.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
Q1. What are the most common types of oral cavity cancer?
A. The most common types include cancers of the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, floor of the mouth, and hard palate, mostly squamous cell carcinoma.
Q2. Which type of oral cavity cancer is most frequently diagnosed?
A. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed type, making up over 90% of oral cavity cancer cases.
Q3. Does the type of oral cavity cancer affect treatment options?
A. Yes, treatment varies based on the cancer’s type and location, and may include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
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Author Bio:
Dr. Yashashree Joshi – MBBS, MD (Philippines)
Dr. Yashashree Joshi, MD, is a globally-trained oncologist with a robust academic background and extensive experience in pioneering cancer treatments. Dedicated to patient-centered care, she continually integrates the latest advancements in oncology to provide her patients with innovative and personalized treatment plans.
Content Medically Reviewed By MedicoExperts Editorial & Clinically Review Board
