Causes of Cervical Cancer: Understanding Risks and How to Prevent It
Did you know that HPV infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer? Many people are unaware of the risk factors that contribute to this disease. Understanding these causes is essential because early prevention can significantly lower your chances of developing cervical cancer. By learning about the risks and protective measures, you can take control of your health and reduce your risk.
How Does It All Begin?
The primary cause of cervical cancer is the presence of certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a sexually transmitted infection. Usually, when exposed to HPV, the body’s immune system successfully prevents the virus from causing harm.
To clarify, the cervix has two distinct parts:
- The Ectocervix (or exocervix), which is the outer part visible during a gynaecological exam and covered with squamous cells; and
- The Endocervix is the inner part forming a canal between the vagina and uterus and is covered with glandular cells that secrete mucus.
The border where the two parts meet is called the squamocolumnar junction or transformation zone, and it’s where most cervical cancers start.
However, in a small percentage of individuals, the virus can persist for an extended period, contributing to the process that transforms certain cervical cells into cancerous cells.
Risk factors of cervical cancer that increase the risk of acquiring cervical cancer include:
HPV:
It’s a sexually transmitted virus and there are more than 100 different types of HPV that can occur and at least 13 of them lead to cervical cancer.
Many sexual partners or becoming sexually active early:
Women who have many sexual partners generally have the chances of getting in contact with an HPV-infected individual and are at higher risk of HPV infection. As a result, they are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer.
Smoking:
This also increases the chances of developing cervical cancer.
Birth control pills:
Women using oral contraceptives for the long term have higher chances of risk to develop cervical cancers.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
Q1. What is the primary cause of cervical cancer?
A. The main cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus.
Q2. Can cervical cancer be caused by factors other than HPV?
A. Yes, while HPV is the leading cause, other risk factors include smoking, a weakened immune system, long-term use of birth control pills, and having multiple sexual partners.
Q3. How can I reduce my risk of developing cervical cancer?
A. You can lower your risk by getting the HPV vaccine, practising safe sex, avoiding smoking, and undergoing regular Pap smears and HPV screenings for early detection.
Next in Cervical Cancer
Author Bio:
Dr. Yashashree Joshi – MBBS, MD (Philippines)
Dr. Yashashree Joshi, MD, is a globally-trained oncologist with a robust academic background and extensive experience in pioneering cancer treatments. Dedicated to patient-centered care, she continually integrates the latest advancements in oncology to provide her patients with innovative and personalized treatment plans.
Content Medically Reviewed By MedicoExperts Editorial & Clinically Review Board
